The S-75 anti-aircraft missile system, intrinsically linked to the Zil C130 Soviet truck, became a legend in military history. This article will take you back to the peak of the Cold War, exploring the development, glorious achievements, and legacy of this renowned air defense system.
Zil 130 truck transporting an S-75 anti-aircraft missile
The Birth of the S-75: A Solution for Mobile Air Defense
In 1953, the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union decided to develop a mobile anti-aircraft missile system to counter threats from modern combat aircraft. This project was assigned to the KB-1 group led by designer A.A. Raspletin. The main idea was to create a highly mobile system that could be quickly deployed and concentrate firepower in key areas.
From S-25 to V-750: The First Steps Forward
The S-75 was developed based on experience from the stationary S-25 system. However, the S-25 was expensive and difficult to deploy widely. The design team utilized achievements from the S-25, including unimplemented solutions, to create a new, more effective system. The V-750 (product 1D) two-stage missile, with a solid-fuel booster and a liquid-fuel sustainer engine, was born.
1D missile before its first launch in April 1955
S-75 “Dvina” Officially Launched
After successful testing, the S-75 “Dvina” system was officially put into service in 1957. The Zil C130 Soviet truck played a crucial role in transporting and deploying the system’s components. The S-75 quickly became the backbone of the Soviet air defense forces, gradually replacing older systems.
Diagram of the 1D missile
Upgraded and Modernized Versions
The S-75 was continuously upgraded and modernized to meet combat requirements. From “Desna” with a longer range to “Volkhov” with enhanced jamming resistance, the S-75 was constantly improved. The S-75M4 “Volkhov” version was equipped with television optical sights, allowing target tracking without radar emissions.
Preparation for missile loading
Glorious Achievements: From China to Vietnam
The S-75 achieved numerous glorious feats, starting with shooting down a Taiwanese RB-57D reconnaissance aircraft in 1959. Most notably, it shot down an American U-2 aircraft piloted by Gary Powers in 1960 and another U-2 over Cuba in 1962. In Vietnam, the S-75 forced the US Air Force to change tactics, switching to low-altitude flying.
Layout of S-75 system elements at a position
Legacy of the S-75: Symbol of Air Defense Power
The Zil C130 Soviet truck and the S-75 system became symbols of Soviet air defense power. The S-75 was widely exported to many countries and participated in numerous conflicts around the world. Although retired from service in Russia, the S-75 continues to serve in the armies of some countries. The legend of the S-75 and the Zil C130 Soviet truck will forever be remembered in world military history.
P-12 radar
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